| Chapter
1. |
How
Trays Work: Flooding (Downcomer Backup) |
| Chapter
2. |
How
Trays Work: Dumping (Weeping Through Tray Decks) |
| Chapter
3. |
Why
Control Tower Pressure (Options for Optimizing Tower Operating
Pressure) |
| Chapter
4. |
What
Drives Distillation Towers (Reboiler Function) |
| Chapter
5. |
How
Reboilers Work (Thermosyphon, Gravity Feed, and Forced) |
| Chapter
6. |
How
Instruments Work (Levels, Pressures, Flows, and Temperatures)
|
| Chapter
7. |
Packed
Towers: Better Than Trays? (Packed-Bed Vapor and Liquid Distribution)
|
| Chapter
8. |
Steam
and Condensate Systems (Water Hammer and Condensate Backup
Steam-Side Reboiler Control) |
| Chapter
9. |
Bubble
Point and Dew Point (Equilibrium Concepts in Vapor-Liquid
Mixtures) |
| Chapter
10. |
Steam
Strippers (Source of Latent Heat of Vaporization) |
| Chapter
11. |
Draw-Off
Nozzle Hydraulics (Nozzle Cavitation Due to Lack of Hydrostatic
Head) |
| Chapter
12. |
Pumparounds
and Tower Heat Flows (Closing the Tower Enthalpy Balance)
|
| Chapter
13. |
Condensers
and Tower Pressure Control (Hot-Vapor Bypass: Flooded Condenser
Control) |
| Chapter
14. |
Air
Coolers (Fin-Fan Coolers) |
| Chapter
15. |
Deaerators
and Steam Systems (Generating Steam in Boilers and BFW Preparation)
|
| Chapter
16. |
Vacuum
Systems: Steam Jet Ejectors (Steam Jet Ejectors) |
| Chapter
17. |
Steam
Turbines (Use of Horsepower Valves and Correct Speed Control)
|
| Chapter
18. |
Surface
Condensers (The Condensing Steam Turbine) |
| Chapter
19. |
Shell-and-Tube
Heat Exchangers (Heat-Transfer Fouling Resistance) |
|
Chapter 20.
|
Fired
Heaters: Fire-and-Flue-Gas-Side (Draft and Afterburn; Optimizing
Excess Air) |
| Chapter
21. |
Fired
Heaters: Process Side (Coking Furnace Tubes and Tube Failures)
|
| Chapter
22. |
Refrigeration
Systems (An Introduction to Centrifugal Compressors) |
| Chapter
23. |
Centrifugal
Pumps: Fundamentals of Operation (Head, Flow, and Pressure)
|
| Chapter
24. |
Centrifugal
Pumps: Driver Limits (Motors, Steam Turbines, and Gears) |
| Chapter
25. |
Centrifugal
Pumps: Suction Pressure Limits (Cavitation and Net Positive
Suction Head) |
| Chapter
26. |
Separators:
Vapor-Hydrocarbobn-Water (Liquid Settling Rates) |
|
Chapter 27.
|
Gas
Compression: The Basic Idea (The Second Law of Thermodynamics
Made Easy) |
| Chapter
28. |
Centrifugal
Compressors and Surge (Overamping the Motor Drive) |
| Chapter
29. |
Reciprocating
Compressors (Positive Displacement and Carnot Cycle: Use of
Indicator Card) |
|
Chapter 30.
|
Compressor
Efficiency |
| Chapter
31. |
Safety
Concerns (Relief Valves, Corrosion, and Safety Trips) |
| Chapter
32. |
Corrosion:
Process Units |
| Chapter
33. |
Fluid
Flow in Pipes (Basic Ideas to Evaluate Newtonian and Non-Newtonian
Flow) |
| Chapter
34. |
Super-Fractionation
Separation Stage |
| Chapter
35. |
Computer
Modeling and Control |
| Chapter
36. |
Field
Troubleshooting Process Problems |
